Showing posts with label Lovecraft. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lovecraft. Show all posts

Wednesday, January 22, 2014

Lovecraft's Treatment of Robert Browning

He called Browning's Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, written in 1855, his "hideous poem". Furthermore he says,

Naturally it is impossible in a brief sketch to trace out all the classic modern uses of the terror element. The ingredient must of necessity enter into all work both prose and verse treating broadly of life; and we are therefore not surprised to find a share in such writers as the poet Browning, whose “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came ” is instinct with hideous menace.

In contrast is Joseph Conrad, mentioned right after,

who often wrote of the dark secrets within the sea, and of the daemoniac driving power of Fate as influencing the lives of lonely and maniacally resolute men. Its trail is one of infinite ramifications; but we must here confine ourselves to its appearance in a relatively unmixed state, where it determines and dominates the work of art containing it.

Remember that Robert Browning, 1812 to 1889, was a poet famous of the Victorian era. 

Taken from Supernatural Horror in Literature

Sunday, January 19, 2014

An Omnibus of Gothic Literature


Adapted from the tour de force of H. P. Lovecraft in his essay Supernatural Horror in Literature

All of the entries in this article are listed in their order of presentation in Supernatural Horror in Literature. Wherever multiple works are listed which share the same author, the author is mentioned after the last member of the works. From this index, we can have a better idea of the literary world that H. P. Lovecraft lived in and in which his Gothic imagination lived.

I. Introduction

Childe Roland by Browning
The Turn of the Screw by Henry James
Elsie Venner by Oliver Wendell Holmes
Wandering Ghosts (a collection, may contain these other tales)
The Upper Berth by Marion Crawford
The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman
The Monkey’s Paw by W. W. Jacobs

II. The Dawn of the Horror Tale

A book of folklore from the middle ages assembled by Sabine Baring-Gould
Satyricon by Petronius
ApuleiusPliny the Younger to Sura
On Wonderful Events by Phlegon
Proclus relates Phlegon’s work
Bride of Corinth by Goethe
German Student by Irving
Adventures of Ferdinand Count Fathom by Smollett

III. The Early Gothic Novel

Tam O’Shanter by Burns for witchcraft
Christabel
Ancient Mariner by Coleridge
Lamia by Keats
Lenore
Wild Huntsman by Bürger
The Ring by Thomas Moore was inspired by German lyric
Faust by Goethe

The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole, while mediocre, exerted “an almost unparalleled influence on the literature of the weird.”

Works of Mrs. Barbauld
Sir Bertrand by Ms. Aikin in 1773
The Old English Baron by Clara Reeve, inspired by Otranto
The Recess by Sophia Lee charactarizes the Walpole method
The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne
A Sicilian Romance
The Romance of the Forest
The Mysteries of Udolpho
The Italian
Gaston de Blondeville by Ann Radcliffe
Edgar Huntly
Ormond
Arthur Marvyn
Wieland; or, The Transformation by Charles Brocken Down

IV. The Apex of Gothic Romance

The Monk in 1796
The Castle Spectre
Tales of Terror
Tales of Wonder by Matthew Gregory Lewis

Northanger Abbey by Miss Austen is “by no means an unmerited rebuke to a school which had sunk far towards absurdity.”

Fatal Revenge; or, The Family of Montorio in 1807
Melmoth the Wanderer by Charles Robert Maturin in1820
Manfred by Byron
Don Juan by Molier
Melmoth Reconciled by Balzac

V. The Aftermath of Gothic Fiction

“A dreary plethora of trash”:
Horrid Mysteries by Marquis von Grosse in 1796
Children of the Abbey by Mrs. Roche in 1796
Zofloya; or, The Moor by Miss Dacre in 1806
Zastrozzi in 1810
St. Irvyne by Shelley in 1811

[Some gems]:

History of the Caliph Vathek by William Beckford
Arabian Nights
Episodes of Vathek in Life and Letters of William Beckford by lewis Melville
Caleb Williams
St. Leon by William Godwin
The Iron Chest by George Colman
The Magus by Francis Barrett in 1801
Faust and the Demon
Wagner, the Wehr-wolf by George Reynolds
The Last Man
Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus by Shelley in 1818
The Vampyre by Polidori
Redgauntlet
Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft by Sir Walter Scott in 1830
Tales of a Traveller by Washington Irving in 1824
The Epicurean by Thomas Moore in 1827
The Werwolf
The Phantom Ship by Marryat in 1839
The Signalman by Dickens
The House and the Brain
Zanoni in 1842
A Strange Story by Edward Bulwer-Lytton in 1862
Varney, the Vampyre by Thomas Preskett Prest in 1847
She by Rider Haggard
Markheim
The Body-Snatcher
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Luis Stevenson
Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë

VI. Spectral Literature on the Continent

[German]:

Short stories by Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann “convey the grotesque rather than the terrible.”
Undine by Friedrich Heinrich Karl, Baron de la Monte Fouque in 1811, “most artistic of all the Continental weird tales”.
Treatsie on Elementat Spirits by Paracelcus
Amber Witch by Wilhelm Meinhold
The Sorcerer’s Apprentice
Alraune
The Spider by Hanns Heinz Ewers

[French]:

Hans of Iceland by Victor Hugo
The Wild Ass’s Skin
Seraphita
Louis Lambert by Balzac
Avatar
The Foot of the Mummy
Clarimonde
One of Cleopatra’s Nights by Theophile Gautier
The Temptation of St. Anthony by Gustave Flaubert
Works by Baudelaire
Works by Joris-Karl Huysmans
Venus of Ille by Prosper Merimee
The Spectre
He?
Who Knows?
The Horla “is generally regarded as the masterpiece”
The Diary of a Madman
The White Wolf
On the River
Horror by Guy de Maupassant
The Man-Wolf
The Invisible Eye
The Owl’s Ear
The Waters of Death by Erckmann-Chatrian
Torture by Hope by Villiers de l’Isle-Adam

[Jewish]:
The Golem by Gustav Meyrink
The Dybbuk by Ansky

VII. Edgar Allan Poe

[you may consider this all of Poe’s works]

VIII. The Weird Tradition in America

A Wonder Book
Tanglewood Tales
Grimshawe’s Street
The Marble Faun
Septimius Felton and Dolliver Romance
Legends of the Province House
House of the Seven Gables by Nathaniel Hawthorne
What was it? “the prototype of de Maupassant’s ‘Horla’”
Diamond Lens by Fitz-James O’Brien
The Damned Thing
The Suitable Surroundings
The Middle Toe of the Right Foot
Can Such Things Be? (a collection, may contain these other tales)
In the Midst of Life (a collection, may contain these other tales)
The Death of Halpin Frayser and other stories by Ambrose Bierce
The King in Yellow
The Maker of Moons
In Search of the Unknown by Robert W. Chambers
The Dead Valley by Ralph Adams Cram
Fishhead and other tales by Irvin S. Cobb
The Dark Chamber by Leonard Cline in 1927
The Palace Called DagonHerbert S. Gorman
Sinister House by Leland Hall “has touches of magnificent atmosphere by is marred by a somewhat mediocre romanticism.”
The Song of the Sirens
Lukundoo
The Snout by Edward Lucas White
The Hashish-Eater
The Double Shadow by Clark Ashton Smith, wherin his “best work can be found”

IX. The Weird Tradition in the British Isles

The Phantom ‘Rickshaw’
The Finest Story in the World
The Recrudescence of Imray
The Mark of the Beast by Rudyard Kipling
Fantastics
Kwaidan by Lafcadio Hearn
Picture of Dorian Gray by Wilde
Xelucha
The House of Sounds, “Mr. Shiel’s undoubted masterpiece”
The Purple Cloud by Matthew Phipps Shiel
The Lair of the White Worm
The Jewel of the Seven Stars
Dracula by Bram Stoker
The Beetle by Richard Marsh
Brood of the Witch-Queen by “Sax Rohmer” Arthur Sarsfield Ward
The Door of the Unreal by Gerald Bliss
Cold Harbour by Francis Brett Young
Witch Wood
The Green Wildebeest
The Wind in the Portico
Skule Skerry by John Buchan
The Were-Wolf by Clemence Housman
The Elixir of Life by Arthur Ransome
The Shadowy Thing by H. B. Drake
Lilith by George Macdonald
The Return
Seaton’s Aunt
The Tree
Out of the Deep
A Recluse
Mr. Kempe
All-Hallows
The Listeners by Walter de la Mare
The Man Who Went Too Far
Visible and Invisible (a collection, may contain these other tales)
The Face
They Return at Evening
Others who Return by H. R. Wakefield “manages now and then to achieve great heights of horror despite a vitiating air of sophistication”
The Ghost of Fear
Thirty Strange Stories by H. G. Wells
The Captain of the ‘Pole-Star’
Lot No. 249 by A. Conan Doyle
Mrs. Lunt by Hugh Walpole
The Smoking Leg by John Metcalfe, especially “The Bad Lands”
The Celestial Ombinus by E. M. Forster, “inclined toward the amiable and innocuous phantasy”
The collection of short stories by H. D. Everett
A Visitor from Down Under by L. P. Hartley
Uncanny Stories by May Sinclair
The Boats of the ‘Glen Carrig’ in 1907
The House on the Borderland in 1908
The Ghost Pirates in 1909
The Night Land in 1912
Carnacki, the Ghost-Finder by William Hope Hodgson
Works of Joseph Conrad

X. The Modern Masters

Chronicle of Clemendy
The Hill of Dreams
The Great God Pan in 1894
The White People
The Three Impostors
The Red Hand
The Shining Pyramid
The Teror
The Great Return by Arthur Machen
The Willows
The Wendigo
An Episode in  Lodging House
Incredible Adventures
John Silence – Physician Extraordinary
Jimbo
The Centaur by Algernon Blackwood
The Book of Wonder
A Dreamer’s Tales
The Gods of the Mountain
The Laughter of the Gods
The Queen’s Enemies by Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett, Eighteenth Baron Dunsany
Ghost-Stories of an Antiquary
More Ghost-Stories of an Antiquary
A Thin Ghost and Others
A Warning to the Curious
The Five Jars
Count Magnus, which may be contained in the above collections
The Treasure of Abbot Thomas, which may be contained in the above collections
Oh, Whistle, and I’ll Come to You, My Lad, which may be contained in the above collections
An Episode of Cathedral History, which may be contained in the above collections, by Montague Rhodes James, Provost of Eton College

It would do one good to have this list compiled in chronological order of publication, but such a prospect is far in the future. H. P. Lovecraft's essay reveals several views of his concerning literary works and authors across diverse time-periods, and it is my future hope to post these excerpts for the purpose of quick reference.

Wednesday, July 31, 2013

Lovecraft's Grave

I find it ironic that a man who was so enamored by the allure of the grave, of the crypt, of the bat-invested vault and ruin, revealed or thought little of what was to become of his earthly remains once his soul drifted off into constant sleep. I do not believe it was necessary to care. When he finally died of malnourishment and cancerous complications his remains, so I believe, were interred in the family grave of the Lovecrafts, in Swan Point Cemetery, in the north of his hometown of Providence. Afterwards there was no large distinction as to where he rested, for only a few selected followers persisted to honor his work and his work was much obscure to society. Arkham House was established, decades passed. Although I know little of what happened, apparently a group of adamant followers who had a hand in the revival of his literature across the decadent boredom-glazed subcultures of America got together and collected enough money to afford his name a separate gravemarker.

I had the luxury of being able to visit this cemetery while in the area of Providence. After seeing photographs of the marker through the internet, as well as securing directions to its location within the graveyard, I had a picture of a rather small grave with the simple lines inscribed on it, in a whitish marble-like stone, described as being behind the central family grave. I turned off my cell-phone and began walking among the graves, the ones in the front being of a more recent internment. This latest batch comprises a diverse lot, of Smiths and Cohens and Gonzalezes, yet I noticed as I traveled deeper that the stones too were becoming much more advanced in age. I saw a few graves dating from the early 1900's, such as 1901 and 1921, which took place during Lovecraft's time. I took the prescribed route towards the left of the cemetery, passing the large Barnaby Monument which can be seen and reached upon entering the estate, taking a left from there and continuing forward until the mentioned T in the lane became visible. There I saw a large column inscribed with the name "PHILLIPS" and my heart began palpitating (although it did not mark the name of the author). A brief inspection of he area allowed a glimpse of a series of trapezoidal-prismic stones behind this column, where I saw the name "LOVECRAFT". They were his immediate genus. I stepped around the left of the column and saw a singularly marked stone, much like the others but adorned with much later features by lede outside the graveyard staff. As in the photograph, there were small stones and coins placed atop the thin upper edge, and at its foot lay several cards or slips of paper advertising various places. I did not inspect them in great detail. One of them seemed to be a parking ticket.

I was astonished that at first I could not see Lovecraft's name, because even in the sunlight the light was uniform across the stone's face. It was much smaller than I had imagined, carved of such an unworthy stone that its name was hard to read. Squatting at an angle around it I finally read the anticipated lines:

HOWARD PHILLIPS
LOVECRAFT
AUGUST 20 1890
MARCH 15 1937
__________

'I AM PROVIDENCE'

I am glad that one of his favored phrases was inscribed on his gravemarker. This I feel is a great honor to him. The rest was very unimpressive, the stone being tiny in comparison to the majority of the markers, and I did not yet know whether to clean up all of the apparent trash laying around it.

I did not have much time to be there. I knelt before it in the small space between the stone and the large column, effectively hidden from any bypassers, and looked one last time before closing my eyes and breathing the air. I stayed here calmly for some minutes in silence and honor to him. It was incredible that I was kneeling, praying in some sort of weird pagan form, before the memorial of HPL's life. At the moment it did not feel incredible however. Everything was calm. Then I rose and left, having achieved my purpose. The anniversary of Lovecraft's birth is in less than a month. I published a memorial to him two years ago in this weblog.

Saturday, August 20, 2011

Happy Birthday HPL

In light of recent events (id est the birthday of the revolutionary author H.P. Lovecraft), I've been sifting through the old books of his in my library, and today I came across the little black Del Ray edition of "At the Mountains of Madness", which was actually the first story I ever read of his and made a big impression on me. The edition I have is from the '60's, and belonged to my father many years ago. That was when I was first introduced to the entity of Cthulhu, and soon after I'd read The Call of Cthulhu, in which Mr. Lovecraft mentions the ancient and cryptic language which Cthulhu's cult speaks, including an excerpt from the language:

"Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn."


In his house at R'lyeh dead Cthulhu lies dreaming. I don't know if Mr. Lovecraft simply made this up, if he actually devised a language behind this or if it was in fact transmitted to him through a dream, which perhaps he came to know enough of to parse or translate the phrase into English. In any case, there have been many attempts to interpret and create a constructed language based on this sample and various others throughout his writings, so-called "R'lyehian".

In typical Lovecraftian fashion, the language is given no normalcy in features that are usually present in human languages; as such, it is very alien and comes off as something very strange and foreign. An example of the aforementioned sample being parsed comes from the Yog-Sothoth forums online.


For example, they translate the last word fhtagn as sleep, and it is commonly accepted that the verb-final position corresponds to the clause's central verb. The R'lyeh wgah'nagle is interpreted as in his house at R'lyeh. An example of more atomic parsing is interpreting, for instance, the agl of wgah'nagl as a locative suffix that denotes the place of R'lyeh, such as the English preposition in, while wgah'n is the verb to reside or wait. Of course, this is all conjecture; the radical assessment of these sparse fragments are necessary for those who want to form an entire conlang after it. Perhaps those whose dreams take them distant places won't need to search that far at all...


One can devise one's own interpretation of the phrase, as I personally believe Mr. Lovecraft would have wanted his readers to :)

So, Happy Birthday Mr. Lovecraft. You are probably dreaming somewhere, existing in the far dream worlds beyond the threshold of our world. Much like in The Silver Key, you saw your fate coming, and you left this world voluntarily for the ones beyond...

Happy Dreaming.

 Howard Phillips Lovecraft, born 20 August, 1890. † 15 March, 1937.