Showing posts with label lamian. Show all posts
Showing posts with label lamian. Show all posts

Tuesday, September 27, 2011

Lamian Words

How to change cases/Declension guide: Lamian Cases

Words that do not end in -as  decline just like normal words except that the Nominative form often lacks -as. This is because those words are not derived from verbs.

Lexicon:

aithas - aether, od, aetheral energy and being
aras - air, nobility
asmas - position, way
doas - yonder (adj)
dos - stone, brick, sediment, v.1 to sediment, to settle, to cake, to amass, to harden
edas - unrelenting, ferocious, in fury, entranced, possessed
eiras - heights, angels
elas - heroy, bravery, spirit, will, friend, fellow, compatriot
eles - eye
epas - far-reaching, wide, long
etas - forewarning, ominous
gathas - flame, spark, figuratively a man, v. to dance, wisp
lapas - component, piece, unit, part
lepas - particle, unit, atom
magas - power, alchemy, science, magus
mayas - nurse, sister, nourisher, chaneller for Galas, attending maiden, tool, mother

modas - vibration, current, world, alterium, bound excursion (not used in sense of universe or altraum), bound fragment, continuum, the current world ,(mode of existence)

ostas - light, glow, the gentle light of morning, forms: ostemlai = sun's rays, ostayor = morning
palas - color, shade, shadow, emission, fruit, bud, flower, cast (thing itself)
paras - sphere, globe (geometry), v. to glide, orbit, go across
pelas - shade, skin, surface, shell (sea shell), face, thing
saras - sea/ocean, swarm, heavy
sopas - courteous host
uram - depths, waters; uncountable (uran)
bai - bee, wasp
both - chamber, compartment, hole, cell, burrow, nest, boith - honeycomb
eon - onion, bulb
dan - fir tree, fir forest
daum - smoke, light ash, scent, daumith - heavy ashes
thel - bird, avian
thuen - home, place where things belong
duen - path, way, course, track, loc. edueneas=to follow one's orbit
duer - gate

dul - rampart, room, pocket, enclave, cave, bunker, shelter, domain, vicinity, layer, inside of a shell (shell is shield/field/wall/barrier/gate/structure)

dun - noise, rumble, din
dum - depths, space, room
dur - dimension, world, especially a higher one; the spirit world, greater cosmic current, metaworlds
dirg - earth
don - unstable, dizzy, dancing, falling, shaking, trembling, abused
durg - shame, embarassment, serpent, scar
emla - tree, female
gam - heat, energy
gasma - see yab
 lad - liquid, oil, bathe, foam
lan - cloth, fabric, linen, a line, strap, lace
lath - track of land, enclosement, land

las - lapus lazuli, cutting force, culling force, n o t e : gerimith and lasimith are considered sister-stones- one for growing, one for shearing. v. form is "shear" or "to cut". v. to cut

les - lace, string
lith - tear, rain drop (especially when the drop is running down something)
lod - body, shadow, shape, contour
lom - ample bosom, womb
lor - shadow, place, cast
lur - petal, flower petal, also used figuratively to mean child, a bud
man - place, temple, house
mas - lily pad, moss, algae, any soft cover
mes - moss, algae
min - love, eternal existence
mis - stream, brook, smaller river; moisture in soil, humidity
mith - stone, or grey
moc - forest, boundary, sea (of sth)

mor - field, sea, forms: moras yor/morayur = nightfall, twilight (when the stars appear, lit. opening of the field of stars)

mur - place, land, person, place-spirit, a whisper, a murmur, murmur in the earth. murai are trapped in the ground

mus - damp, tainted, filled, touched
nal - soft, like ground powder
nel - clump, lump, bump, clod, hill,hilltop (also nol)
nan - water, light/soft/powdery snow
nar - pond creature, insect
nas - snowy, snow, water, fluid-like, liquidy
nis - water, snow (harder than nas)
nin - snow
nir - band, chain, bridle, reign, strap, as a verb: to wrap around (lan)
niur - soon

nor - hole, gash, wound, defect, opening, crag, tear, lit. a "both" that has been emptied or hollowed out

num - cloud, nebula, collection of many things, brains, thought/conception/inception, nursery, free/anscestral spirits of a place too

nur - child, child of the stream, elf, water-mur, nymph, bride, blossom. Like mur, but less restricted to a place, transcendant of earth, or a running stream or growing plant

pad - a small trail on a hill or through a meadow, as a verb: to go along a path
reth - root, toe, foot, origin, support, spoke; red, rose, as a verb: to originate
sal - salt, mineral, powder, substance, medicine, lime (Salimith - rocky substance, ore)

sar - heavy, beating, pounding, smashing, hammer, something that comes down, falls (galasar - the fading/falling of a star)

sat - crystal, clarity, accuse, say truth, implant
sot - spilling, lumbering, saturation, bursting, decadent
sin - metal, ore
thal - to reckon, account for, count, take into order, inspect: thalas, also means "initiate"
thaud - corner, extreme or minimum of an ellipse, apsis, periapsis, apoapsis
ther - wind, zephyr, gust, expulsion, convulsion, breeze of air, breath
yab - gap, void, chasm, expansive
yar - segment, portion, instance (usually of time), point, spot, one out of a whole
yel - cold, devoid of heat or energy, dead

yer - procession, process, march, order forth, plan that is enacted, line, row as a verb: to proceed, march, go forth, and when paired with object = to depart

yir - sequence, set, order, line, row

yol - hill, mound, boulder, parabolic expression or protrusion, usually of land (Yolas Dirg). Yoluas is the arch of a letter, and yollan/lanas yol is arch.

yor/yur/gur - reinstigation, resurrection, rising, coming
yun - vegitable, bulb, herb

asaras - lake
osaras - pond
aluas - eternity
aluen - river
oluas - word, rune, inscription, script, letter, chant
eleas - seat, pedestel
etei - may you be
ulos - inhale
elos - exhale
thar - vector

Examples of combinations:

emla - tree
emlayir - a row of trees
emlith - a small group of trees
emlayer - procession of trees, as a verb: cutting down a tree (emlayeras, emlayerin, emlayeranniur)

Suffixes:


-aies    many
-ain     having done something
-ainna    most, very (adjectival)
-en     instrumentive noun maker
-eni    how many
-ete    as, like, in the way/mode of
-i        with
-ine    (verbs) to, in order to, towards (opposite of tei)
-iat    agent marker/having done something, e.g. miriat = having seen
-iet    being as, as a, being, to be
-ior    question marker (v/n)
-ioru    question marker, "if without"
-o       from, by, because of
-te      gerund, subjunctive marker (v) (-ing, jp. -te)
-tei     when, if, during the moment of, after this, direct subjunctive for (v), describes following event
-un     time, place, event, also -eimas
-an     (verb) conjugate marker, also means "that which", in continuous verbal sense (especially when not connected to any suffix.)

poetic devices:
-iol    (unknown)
-em    related to the speaker
-es     related to the listener

yey    now and then, sporadically
yayu    beginning, suddenly
yoyu    suddenly
yoy      now
yae      then, that, in which
de        last

a    and, but also
e    and, also, with
cyo    what, interrogative pronoun (as in cyo leseinne?')
sa     then, therefore, so, thus, well, anyways
ta     singularly, only, alone, just, w/o when paired w/ gen
ue    for what, towards what, lit. "towards not?", also means reason or cause
ut    and

mui      negation, not, ex. easiet mui easiet:to be or not to be
muie    no more, not any more
muis    if not, if not for, without
mie      ever, never, forever
mies    if ever

This should be my last post about Lamian. It was good while it lasted. Take what you can from it.

Sunday, September 25, 2011

Lamian Verbs

The verbs of my conlang, Lamian, are a mix in grammar between Indo-European stems and Japanese morphology. The verbs also follow a uniquely philosophical series of laws. All infinitives are given in the "past tense". There are three tenses that preside over Lamian verbs.

1. Present tense, or "Temporal Tense" - these describe actions happening now, or actions which happen only in the immediate present. Such actions are not continuous and happen within a short period of time; they can be repeated, but they happen "in the now". They describe actions that are temporal, and describe only one instance of the action it describes.

2. Past tense, or "Continuous Tense" - these describe continuous actions, or actions that things tend to do overtime continuously. These include descriptions of processes that repeat and exist throughout time and beyond time; for example, the rotations of the planets is a continual process, and would commonly by represented with the Past Tense, as if to say, "That which was, is and will always be".

3. Future tense - these describe actions that will happen soon, or are predestined to happen.


Take the statement, einin, which means "rotates" or "it rotates". Since it is in the Present tense, it means something akin to "it rotates now" or "at the moment it rotates"; it implies that it may or may not rotate in the future, and that it may or may not have rotated in the past - only that it rotates at the moment of the speaker. It describes a current reality that may be unique to this time. One might say, "a book spins", because someone flips a book into the air - it describes a temporal motion of an object. Books do not tend to spin, and the spinning book has not always spun nor will spin naturally in the future - but it spins now, and that is expressed with the Present tense.

The statement, einas, which means "rotated" or "rotates", is descriptive of the continuous process of rotation. For example, the rotation of a book, as in the previous example, would never be expressed in the Past tense, since the action only happens "in the now". However, something like the rotation of a planet would be expressed with the Past tense, since it is something that has existed and continues to exist. The Lamian philosophy states that temporal actions do not exist in the long-run of time, only "in the now". It also states that anything in the past worth recording are continual processes, since these are the only actions which have real and everlasting importance. This eliminates triviality, and therefore Past tense expresses actions that continue to effect us even today. It also expresses reoccurring things and things that continue to act a certain way. An example of this sense in English would be, "He shaves". The sense of this statement doesn't mean that he shaves at that very instance, but it means that he shaves reoccurring, that it is something continuous that he does that is not a one-time action expressive of only a present occurrence. It is a reoccurring, or eternal, action by the person, an action that has happened and thus continue to happen as before. That is the nature which the Past tense is expressive of. Future tense is just expressive of something that is predetermined to happen, and uses the element "niur", which means "soon".

There exists a certain set of attachable prefixes in Lamian that each give a specific extended meaning to a verb. For example, the prefix e- means "across" or "trans", like the P.I.E. prefix "s-", and it also implies a certain earthly or temporal nature for the verb. The verb leas  means to lay down, to found, to chose and to collect, and when it is paired with this prefix, eleas means to lie across something, to stretch across, to cover or to place on something. It implies specifically something earthly or relating to the physical, such as stretching a blanket of night over the land, or a country lying in a particular corner of the earth, or simply lying down. Common combinations of these prefixes are supplied in the Verb list, while other combos are left to the creative combination of the writers.

Verbs are also closely linked with nouns, since in Lamian every noun was developed from a parent verb. Both the Past tense of a Lamian verb, which is expressive of continual existence, and the nominative case of a Lamian noun, which is expressive of an unchanging object, have the same ending: -as. This is because they originate from the same ending. For example, the word lamas by itself means both light and to illuminate. This is because the Lamian philosophy states that the statement of a noun automatically indicates the main reoccurring tenancy of the thing, and statement of a verb automatically implies the presence of the thing which naturally/continually preforms that action. Therefore, to say "lamas" implies the presence of light as well as the reoccurring action of light, which is to illuminate, thus expressing the existence of light.

However, there are times when one object preforms an action that is not typical to it; for example, a light could burn something or blind something. In this case, you would state both the noun lamas and the word for burning, beras. The object of the sentence, which is the receiver of the action, can also be attached to the verb by using an -a- stem, for example, lamam ganas, which means "to summon light", can also be expressed as "lamaganas". Lamas has its ending changed to a simple -a and then added onto ganas, which means to call or summon.

Word order is usually subject - object - verb. Whenever the verb happens to be the same as the subject, for example lamas - light and to illuminate, the order is simply subject - object or verb-object, since they are the same. When the object is attached to the verb, it becomes subject - verb, since in that case, the verb is not the same as the subject.

This way redundancy is reduced, so instead of saying lamas modam lamas ("the light lights the world"), you would say "lamas modam" or "modam lamas", or even just "modalamas".


Verb list:

aithas    to breath, fluctuate, rhythm

agas    to absolve, eat, absorb (dumie eragas - to fade (into darkness), also gamageas - to fade, lit. stretch heat, experience entropy, to bleed)

beras    to pulse, throb, twinkle, go in and out (when paired with noun in locative case = in and out of (noun), e.g. in and out of the trees). Related word: belai - flowers (lit. the blooms, blossoms,)

degas    to burn

eas    to exist, to be; Related words: eam - existence

eras    to thus be, to so be (eas paired with prefix -er)

einas    to become, turn, rotate; Related words: einai - rotational periods, of day cycle, rotation

elas    to keep, hold, retain, withhold, have, show, bear, exhibit

enas    to command, put forth, lead, decide, rule, reign, take ownership/responsibility, put, mandate, enact; Related words: enam - ruler, lord, king, ienas - to disperse, dismiss

erenas    to so be ordered/commanded

galas    to nurture, sustain, produce; Related word: galam - fount, fountain, well, star, duct

gamas    to charge, warm, Related word: gamen - hearth, fireplace

geas    to gape, stretch, open wide, n. chasm, gap, universe/cosmos (also yasma/gasma/casma)

gemas    to pour, flow into, flood, swarm

ganas    to call, summon, bring, charge, call out for, conjure, name

duorganas - to summon a bridge

genas    to progenate, continue, produce, make alive, go on, make go on

geras    to make timed, emerge, begin, coming into being, make becoming; geram - plant (?) (lit. growths), geraduen - time's flow

geril - plant, flower

 gerith - garden

geren    vessel of time, ath. that bears the mark of time, the fruit of time, grain, harvest, crop, culture; sth through which you can mark the time

lamas    to illuminate, emit; lamam - light, lamen - lamp, lantern, vessel

leas    to gather, collect, count, tell, lay down, choose, judge, found; layam - law, order, dictation, judgement, transform

eleas    to lie across or on something, or, to stretch across, lie (as in a place), be placed on sth., or, to traverse

erleas    to found, dictate

lipas    to slip, evade, glide, get out of or in way, +gen. slip away from, when paired with noun in locative case = slip into, through or within

litas    to slide, ski or surf. Similar to lipas except it requires a medium to run down; to tear or rain

luas    to record, mark, scratch, leave mark, crest, stroke; luam - record, recording, text, work, piece of work

oluen    book, written material, codex

ithas    to meet, congregate, transit; allign; galithas - planetary allignment, planetary transit

luseas    to search for

meas    to mow, reap, cut, take, put into, insert, take (as in to eat); omean - scythe, tool for reaping

melas    to crush, hit, bring in, grind, compact (i.e. gravity); melen - container of gravity, hammer, graviton

miras    to behold, bear witness, witness; miram - miracle, spectacle, sight, vista, vision

nathas    to give, the accusitive to need or be needed by

niuras    to come, be soon, be resultant

pagas    (unknown)

samas    to unify, make one, bring together

semas    n. sense, nature, as in something's nature, aspect, essence, being

seas    to say, differentiate, tell, judge to be so, discern, proclaim

oseas    to depart

eseas    to see through, see visions, use the third eye, see from afar, to dictate from divine posession

erseas    to say, speak, proclaim

thas    to concieve, give birth to, make, create, bring into world (or asthas); lamasthas - create light


Verb prefixes:

e       through, across, around, over
a       over, into
o       related to an object, means to an end
er, ere    literally, physically, resultantly
tha         fore-, in favor of, -like,
i             inter-, ex-, dis-, un-, atomize
po          with-, con-

Monday, August 15, 2011

Lamian Cases

The case system for Lamian, my conlang, is standard throughout the entire language; they act more as a suffix would than a true declension, even though they carry the full implications of case markings.

Example: Lamas - Light

Nominative    Lamas     pl. Lamia
Accusative     Lamam   pl. Lamia
Genitive         Lamai     pl. Lamiai
Locative         Lame      pl. Lamie
Vocative         Lam       pl. Lamai

Locative case is used to express the location of the event taking place. For example, lore is the locative form of lor, which means shade or shadow, thus meaning "in the shade".

The vocative is not only the case one would use if addressing the object, but in some cases of genitive as well. For example, the vocative form of the word is added after the object, such as "Yaras Lor", meaning "Land of Shadow". It's usually for either place names or names of great importance, unlike the usual genitive case which can just casually describe any given noun, such as "Yaras Lorai", which would mean "a land of shadow".

Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Waning of the Stars

Gamageat Galith - The Waning of the Stars

::
lore emlai eleaste
gerenai miras more
yolie more epadeas
::

galith ostai dumie
gelemodith gamageas
morai mith yabie
elai aithia yey gathin
per mui alue
galai nal degin

Embers of light in the depths,
Cold worlds expending heat -
Fields of stone floating in void,
Aetheral souls dancing now,
But not for eternity
Do soft embers burn.

Tuesday, July 12, 2011

Linguistic Notes

How many P.I.E. clones do you see with an experimental grammar? That precisely what happened with Lamian; a language whose subjects are verbs based on the nature of the actually object that the word describes. This reveals the way of thinking and the mindset of the language's original speakers, and is enough to base a philosophy on.

To illustrate, the verb "galas", to emit or nourish, is also the noun meaning "star". Of course, this synchronicity is only present in the nominative case: the case in which the object described actually does something. There's no reason for there to be a noun-verb correspondence if the noun is being acted upon, and thus not acting itself. Therefore, other than in the nominative case, the verb and noun forms are totally different for their respective declensions, albeit still the same word.

It should be noted that the words in Lamian can be traced back to a) Indo-European roots, that show an early break from the main tongue such as other proto-languages and b) an unknown language which is similar but not analogous with P.I.E. The grammar can best be described as a mix of P.I.E. grammar and Japanese grammar.

This noun-verb synchronicity feature also cuts down on redundancy. For example, if the noun was distinct from the verb, in order to say "the star shines", you could have to say "galas galin", both using the same root to support the same idea with only the difference in noun and verb separating them. It is similar to saying in English, "The gift gives". It's redundant. Therefore, in Lamian, we can express this idea with a simple, "galin", which automatically implies, without the presence of any other words, that it is a star that is shining. It is a statement of the word in it's basic nature without any interference (that is, without accompanying words). This is only a brief example behind it's expressive grammar.