Goedish - Dictionary

Below is the full list of terms in the Goedish language that have hitherto been recorded. These are the remaining notes from the project.

ad                    od, ether

ak                    oak tree; plural is aik, both accusative forms are aiki

an                    to feel, touch

aiskran            to scream, literally to cut through the air

aeo                  air, gas

armat              armada, fleet, array; also as armad

auad                perception, thing, experience

auan                to perceive, to grasp, to feel; by extension to hear

audan              to perceive physically; by extension usually to hear

aufad               window

aufan               to look outside, look through something, perceive over a distance

auk                  also (nonstandard etymology)

aukad              suppliment, addition

aukan              to add; by extension to enlarge

aumad             realization

auman             to realize

auvan              to conclude or come to a perceptual conclusion, deduce, in the mental sense

auto                 automobile, car

avto                 self; by extension vehicle, host; by extension car through altered spelling

avtomad          machine, system (or is this avtomat?)

avtomat           automatic

bad                  band; proclaimation, say; figuratively bandages

ban                  to bind; by extension, to say or proclaim, see notes

baidan             to wail, bay, shout; by extension to plea

bakad              baking, bread

bakan              to bake (from onomatopoeia)

bakeo              bakery; oven ?

bead                bath, simmer

bean                to warm

bedan              to cause, affect, make do

bedran             to get, receive; to take; by extension to take a drink of something

bedraidan        to put something through an ordeal, to subject to something

bedraiman      to accept; also formed by la + verb, to allow being ___; also seen as bedreoman

befan               to give; to move, to make find, move something onto another way

began              to begin (either transitive or intransitive)

bejan               to give content; by extension to explain

belad               what had been brought forth, load

belan               to load, lay down

belean             to believe, accept

bekan              to enable

beman             to give an impression

bemoan           to bemoan, to lament, dread

benan              to take

bestudan         to teach, impart

besvan             to lull; by extension to put to sleep

bevan              to show, teach, reveal; to understand ?

blad                 flower; adjectival form is light blue or white

blan                 to blow inflate, swell; by extension flourish

blaidan            to bloom (flower + to do, blad + dan)

blav                 flower petal

bleo                 bloom, blossom

bleoban           to collect or pick flowers; also seen as blaiban

blikan              to blink (from onomatopoeia)

brad                 birth, carriage; system, encompassment, breadth; breath, braiad - ambiance

bran                 to have (also meaning to bear or carry, passive tense signifies birth)

braidan            to breathe

broer               brother (nonstandard etymology)

dad                  deed, act; by extension, thing, matter. i dad means indeed

dan                  to do

deo                  gift; also god

deovad            religion, mythology

disjan               to differ

displean           to skin, remove skin, flay

distran             to destroy, errode

disvan              to realize, in a negative sense

dlad                 length, size in a rectangular fashion; section, part, partition

doer                 daughter (nonstandard etymology)

drad                 tree. adjectival: idrjad - not just strong, but isolated

draidan            to endure, withstand; take, last, durate; be strong, be hard (drad + dan)

draiman          to journey through the mind, to dream, think

dran                 to hold, hold fast, support; do service, be employed (see dree)

draipan            to drop, drip, drip down or across

drav                 room, chamber

drean               to drip, trickle

dreo                 door

dreodan           to open a door; to open up; let in or permit in

dreoman         to permit oneself to think, to let someone think

dreonan           to lead through; to aim, direct, conduct, put in, guide in

dvad                depth, deep

dvan                to drip. with "par", becomes to dip into

dvaidan           to dive

dveo                drop

dveodan          to drop

dyliht               twilight

edan                to eat

ej                     I

ekvad               horse

fad                   bridge

fan                   to find, encounter; to embrace, to stretch (see notes)

flad                  flow, stream, current, flood

flan                  to flow

flaidan             to float, fly

fleo                  glide, flight, travel with bouyancy

fleodan            to fly

fnan                 to sneeze; to snort, blow, breathe onto (sth), suddenly expell gas, pop, burst

foer                 father (nonstandard etymology)

frad                 peace; woodlet (especially in plural), fraiad means freedom

fran                 to lead, guide, protect; fare (transitive); Friaidi - Freyr, Friaida - Freya

fraidan            to be at peace

fraitad             peace-time; also Friday, because this day is also a day of peace

fraivad             welcome

fraivan             to welcome

freo                 journey

freodan           to travel, go on a journey

gad                  path, direction, corridor, tunnel; earth (unrelated to "gan")

gan                  to go (unrelated to "gad")

geo                  earth

geovad            geology

gedan              to react, by extension to function

gegan              to go back, return; to go against something (transitive)

gejan               to answer

gekan              to regain, reacquire

gelad               likeness, adjectival means same

gelan               to be like, to be similar to, to conform; by extension to believe

gemad             memory; also mood or particular area of thinking

geman             to remember

genan              to swim laps or swim continually; 

                            to swim or lead against  something (transitive)

gepopan          to boil, percolate, bubble

geskad             shape, form

gesvad             song or music; unlike svad, which means an instance of such or a vision

gesvan             to slumber

gevan              to remember physical information

gewan             to decrease; to desire

glad                 cold

glan                 to freeze, to chill

glaibad            ball, globe

glaiban            to roll into a ball

glaidan            to glide

glav                 ice

glead               spark, glitter

glean               to gleam, shine, glitter

gleo                 glow; gleodad - congelation, solidification, glue?

grad                 green; by extension any plant, grass

gran                 to become green; by extension to grow. See notes

gri                    grass, a blade of grass is "gristav"

greo                 growth, development, as an instance and not a concept; by extension result

greovad           botany, gardening knowledge. verb form: i know how to let plants grow

had                  heath

han                  to be called, named (as each heath had a name)

heo                  hue, color (unrelated to "had")

iran                  to get agitated or angry, to anger (intransitive)(unrelated to ran)

ireo                  anger, madness, agitation, astray

isk                    ash tree; by extension a individual organism or the kind which typifies it

jad                   contents, innards (from the preposition "i")

jan                   to count; to contain; with "par" it means to tell someone something

jaidan              to include, by extension to carry as a shop does with goods

kad                  art, works, crafts, think of German "Kuenst"

kan                  to be able to; kaiad is ability

kaidan             to sing, recite

kakad               cooking

kakan               to cook (from onomatopoeia)

kakeo               kitchen (from kakan)

kalkeo              lime, chalk, calcium (from Latin)

kalkulan           to calculate (from Latin)

kikan                to peek, take a look at (from onomatopoeia of a chicken clucking)

kikirikan          to cockadoodledoo (from onomatopoeia); by extension to alert, alarm

klad                 clod, load, aggregation; pile; by extension apparel, see notes

klan                 to stick together, aggregate, gather

kleo                 dirt, clay

krad                 heart

kran                 to course, run; by extension to beat, undulate, pump, cram, bring

krav                 chamber, atrium, organ cavity; body cavity; stomach;blood; body

lad                   load; land, lot; likeness

lan                   to lay, lie. passive form means to be allowed to do

lainan              to line, border, surround the foot of something (transitive); to swim backstroke

laiskad             landscape; by secondary meaning, the features of a digital file

liht                   light; connective form is ly, acting like li

lolan                to frolic, be gay (from onomatopoeia)

mad                 maiden; love; maiad - maidenhood

mak                 much, a lot, very (nonstandard etymology)

man                 to mean; by extension to think, remember; or is this geman?

maisan            to sow meaning; by extension to amaze, bedazzle, astound

meo                 moon; by extension, month

miht                 might, power (nonstandard etymology)

moan               to moo; by extension to moan (from onomatopoeia)

moer               mother (nonstandard etymology)

mut                  must (nonstandard etymology)

naht                 night

nad                  ship

nan                  to swim; to sail; by extension to direct, especially along or towards 

                                                  a course, to lead

nav                  hull; body; by extension, a ship, especially that in a large group

nedan              the past; literally, to be in the past

pad                  path

pan                  to span, traverse the distance between or across, stretch, draw, think "path”

pipan               to tweet (from onomatopoeia); see notes

popan              to pop (from onomatopoeia); in extension to burst, blow up

plad                 plane

plan                 to spread out, be broad, flat, be open; see notes

planad             planet (from Latin)

plead               clothes; by extension shirt

plean               to cover, clothe

pleo                 surface, coat, face, skin, hide

pleodan           to cover, coat; unpleodan can also mean to undress

ploan               to float

rad                   root, race, right, standard of measurement or evaluation, also red

ran                   to run, continue; to right, preserve

rav                   bolt, bar; by extension device, appliance

raivad              computer science, computer knowledge

reo                   ray, line, direction, vector. i reo  means to be in line (or ireo?)

reorav             computer; sometimes by omission it becomes simply rav

reovad             geometry

sad                   seed

san                   to sow, seed; to lace, sew

saidad              agriculture, farming as a practice

saidan              to sodden, soil, lace, implant

saivad              agriculture, farming as a science

seo                   sun

seodan             to glare

seosklad          heliosphere

skad                 stair, step, level, especially in plural. also means a shade or shadow.

skan                 to ascend or descend, mount, leap

skaidan            to scale, level, reach as stairs do

skav                 shape, form; by extension image

skeo                 scale, level, as a measure or increment.

skeodan           to measure, to make a measurement

sklad                shell; by extension sphere, also skull, hall

skran               to cut, snip, shear

skraiban          to scribe, write

skraistav          pencil, pen, stylus

skraiv               shears

skri                  cuts, incisions

skreo               cut, opening, slit

skvad               shape, form; by extension shade, shadow, contour, image

skvan               to shape, outline, project, imagine

skvaiman         to imagine, conjure

slad                  salt, nitre, slime. adjectival form means slippery, slick, slimy

slan                  to slide

slaibad             slime, viscous material that is binding; in extension glue

slaiban             to stick, be stuck

slaidan             to slide across

sleo                  slug, snail

sman               to carve, cut; by extension to make, forge, fashion

snan                 to swim

soer                 sister (nonstandard etymology)

spad                 space

span                 to extend three-dimensionally, see notes

spairan             to hope

spaitan             to increase

speo                 increment; part, section

speodan           to take time; to time something, to wait (transitive)

sprad               spread, sprinkles

spran               to spread, sprinkle, spray, strew

spraidan          to disseminate, scatter, distribute

sprav               dissemination, allocation, distribution

spreo               spray, jet, stream

stad                 city, point; see notes

stan                 to stand, set, sit, stay, stall; for passive form, see notes

stanet              future

staigan             to step, on to or off of, climb. For usage notes, see below the list.

stav                  trunk, stalk, sprout

steo                 stall; place

strad                strife, struggle; by extension of poetic meaning, a star, unrelated to "stran"

stran                to pull tight, narrow, wring; stretch (mostly transitive)

straidan           to strive, struggle, make an effort

strav                beach

streo                star

streodan          to shine, glow

streonad          spaceship, spacecraft, starship; streonaiad is astronautics

streonan          to sail the stars; by extension to travel space

streovad          astronomy

studan             to study (from Latin)

svad                 song, svaiad - singing; by extension, a dream or vision

svan                 to sing (see English "swan", Latin “sono”)

svaidan            to sleep

sveo                 song, dream?

sveodan           to dream

tad                   tide; by extension time; by extension day

tan                   to touch; to extend; by extension to rage, well, undulate

taidan              to well, wave, beat as an ocean does

trad                 thread, twisted fiber; topic, topic of discussion

tran                 to turn, spin, weave; braid

treo                 track, circular path, orbit

treodan          to tread, step, walk

treoman          to dream, remember

vad                  knowledge

van                  to know; to will

vi                     water

vrad                 word, "Vrad er baidans speo"

vran                 to speak, to say

vreo                 squirrel

wad                 lack, absence; by extension emptiness, also seen as waiad

wan                 to want, lack, desire; figuratively to shrink or decrease

waidan            to shrink, decrease; figuratively to be sorry

waimad           woe, sorrow, nostalgia, wistfulness, emotion of missing something

waiman           to miss as in the emotional process, sorrow

weo                 woe, pain, injury

weodan           to hurt

weolan            to sulk

weomad          sorrowfulness, sorry for something to someone

weoman          to be sorry, to sorrow for having done something, to regret emotionally

winan              to whine, cry, yelp, whinny (from onomatopoeia)

ypan                to reach over, reach across

ytran                to turn over, flip over

Undecided Terminology

maimeo           May

meotad            Monday

skraimad         sorrow, literally a feeling that cuts

skraiman         to scream or wail internally, be sorrowful, combination of skran and man)

Fraidans i min avto, Fraitad komans jur...

Vocabulary Notes

ban                  to bind; by extension, to say or proclaim, by binding or gathering words together and then binding them to reality

fan                   to find, encounter; to embrace, stretch ones arm's about; also to stretch over or to something in a stationary manner, i.e. a structure, to fan out. this is a poetic device, a bridge "fans" to or "finds" the other end.

gran                 to become green; by extension to grow. perhaps grjan is rather for to become green? passive used to show that oneself grows, especially if not enduced by outside source

klad                 clod, load, aggregation; pile; by extension appearal, especially in plural and possessive, clothes

pipan               to tweet (from onamonapeia); by extension to meddle in something lightly, to peep into something

plan                 to spread out, be broad, flat, be open (combination of pad and lan), as a field, a room, or an opening box does; can be used figuratively to mean skinning or unraveling

span                 to extend three-dimensionally, measure, distance, span, usually of a vast vacant space, to space. passive means to be placed somewhere

stad                 city, point; it implies a point on a plane, literally or geometrically, that does not move. it is that which stands, and can also be a stand or a stall

staigan                        to step, on to or off of, climb. the dynamic verb "gan" overrides the static sense of "stan", meaning to achieve a footing, presumably on a step or stair. similar to skan, but implies a single step in particular. skan implies many steps

stan                 to stand, set, sit, stay, stall; passive form means to sit, be seated, or be placed somewhere

Prefixes

be- means to make something do something, equivalent also to par-

ge- means either against, again or a continually repeated, collective action

implies there are so much that they eventually pile against each other

Parts of Speech

aljan                everywhere

av                    over, above; in front of if stat

bened              behind

dra                   through

gen                  against

hvei                 how

i                       in, within, inside (not used for locative case)

it                      not

ja                     already

jal                    every, all

je                     this

jer                    to be or equal

jes                    today

jet                    this (final)

jot                    now

jur                    soon

med                 with

ned                  under

nei                   beyond

oic                   and, including

ot                     and (dual)

par                   for, also on and to, think Swedish pa

per                   but

sa                     so

ut                     and

y                      across, over

yt                     from, out of, across from

dis                    to be difficult

combinations:

avlad - upload; upland, uphill

nedlad - download; downland, uphill

Numbers

an                    one, plural is aini

dy                    two

dry                   three

Words Borrowed from Latin and Greek

Alchemum      Chemistry

Antipathum     Antipathy

Apologum       Apology

Astrologum     Astrology

Astronomum   Astronomy

Biograph         Biography

Biologum         Biology

Historum          History

Linguum          Linguistics

Mythologum    Mythology

Nasjalum         Nationalism

Philosophum   Philosophy

Physum           Physics

Psychologum   Psychology

Roboticum       Robotics

Scjentum         Science

Sosjalum          Socialism

Abrogatum      Dissolution or Repeal

Adparum         Appearance

Adrogatum      Assumption or Claim; Attribution, Assignment of Qualities

Conpletum      Accomplishment

Conpositum     Composition, Composing

Concludum      Completion

Conrogatum    Invitation

Constructum   Assembly

Creatum          Creation

Derogatum      Detraction, Restriction

Destructum     Desctruction

Disadparum    Disappearance

Dissipatum      Dissipation

Dissolutum      Dissolution

Informasjet      Information

Mosjet             Motion

Nasjet              Nation

Nosjet              notion, hint, subtlety, hidden meaning

Rogatum         Inquirey, Request

Sorbtum          Absorbtion (gespaiad, gespans)

Sosjet              Society

Lyrics to Skyclad Observer

I reo nedet avspeodan i reo stanet koman je

Auiaidi ispeo ije realisatum fane.

Al sa jedeoe smad ja dadi perfectum

Aljer skaivi gelans,

je fra inedet dreo

zero er nedet je an man stanet

Project Notes

The Goedish language has so far 380 words.

Goedish was a thought experiment. Its primary objective was to achieve a usable model of a language that was relatively closer than any other language to proto-Germanic. Its second objective was to test the subjection of a language to peculiar sound-rules, most notably the deletion of inner vowels and the replacement of their stress on the thematic vowel.  This second objective comes purely from it never having been done before. The fictional history mentioned at the beginning and throughout the document is an attempt to provide the possible conditions under which the language could have developed, and is not meant to be taken as a representation of actual historic events.

As for the history of this project itself, it began in 2011 under the name “Bljaidi” instead of “Goedish”. It was later referred to as “Dyliht”. As of late 2013 the project was picked up again and completely revised along more objective lines.

Other Posts:

[Notes] Goedish - Parts of Speech

Goedish - Nouns

Goedish - Verbs

Bljaidi {Goedish's Prototype}

[Notes] Goedish - Parts of Speech

The following is an incomplete transcript of the third chapter of the Goedish grammar, going over parts of speech, as well as an appendix section covering native demonyms. A post will be made later encompassing the entire lexicon of Goedish words as it stands thus far. 

Chapter 3: Parts of Speech

This section deals with describing things in greater detail, as well as introducing the vital concepts of prepositions, personal pronouns, and the adjectival forms of words. This consumes a great deal less of space because the concepts are not many, but they are very important.

Prepositions

Just as in English, prepositions proceed the noun and have the same kinds of functions. Goedish does not offer as extensive an amount of prepositions as English does, however, and again the reader and composer must use context to the greatest advantage. That does not mean that Goedish prepositions are totally inept. The few that must be remembered, with their descriptions, are as follows:

i – “in”, as an obvious cognate, and most translated as either in, inside, or within. It is not used to equate the phrase “at”, or the locative case, and purely means “in”. It can only mean this if the word that follows it is in the appropriate case, which is the Accusative case, in which case it then does take a dynamic meaning equating to “at” or “to”, but never as the static “at” as in English.

av – cognate with the English word “of” and “over”, this word is used to denote being “at” someplace, such as being “over at a friend’s house”. Note how English uses the word “over”, and that Goedish uses “av” to mean the same thing, and applies to all such cases, whereas English sometimes uses “at”. It best expresses the locative condition.

par – “for”, it not only denotes a dative condition but also a kind of locative, if not a dynamic one – one readily thinks of the Swedish “på” in analogy. The two are thought to be cognates. It can be rendered in English as “to”, as well as “on”, because of this. For example, “par dreo” means “on the door”, and “i par dreo” means “onto the door”.

Personal Pronouns

As mentioned before, the First Person Singular pronoun is “ej”. Its similarity to the Scandinavian “jeg” are quite obvious, and it almost approaches the sound of the English pronoun “I”. Yet you are far from discovering all of these pronouns.

Adjectives

These words are made from nouns. The form is achieved simply by adding a “j” before the middle vowel of the word, for instance shifting “drad” into “drjad”, and is pronounced in the same way as the letter “j” in German or Scandinavian languages. The resulting adjective means, respectively, “strong”. Its declension functions in the same way as in the standard, four-fold forms of “ad” as described in the previous table. However, when the thing that they are describing is included in the statement, the behavior of the adjective takes a radical change. It is placed behind the noun that it is describing and adopts a simple binary relationship – when the described object is singular, the adjective takes the Accusative Plural ending “aidi”. When the described object is plural, the adjective reverts to its simple ending of “ad”, while the described object – if ending in “ad” – must take the ending of “aidi” instead. This creates an inverse relationship. It is suspected that this was a fairly recent development, i.e. developed in the past thousand years, and does not follow the conventional Germanic adjectival practices.

If we take “stav” to mean “stem”, the following description of “a strong stalk” and “strong stalks” would look as follows:

Singular	Plural
stav drjaidi	staivi drjad
strong stem	strong stems

Chapter 4: Composition

Now we are ready to put our knowledge to the test. The forms of Goedish bring the mind into a heightened sense of the past; of a poetic condition of the thoughts of these ancient verb-forms. Now it is time to see how they are created, when prose is given form, and to utilize these elements. 

[Missing]

Appendix: Demonyms

Demonyms

Demonyms were introduced to the Goedish language relatively late, since they lived in far proximity from any of their geographical neighbors, but when they were, they were taken from a rich tradition of historical names and terms for the world’s peoples, some of which are described below.

God, the demonym to describe the Goedish people and language, does not actually mean a deity – it is the ancient rendering of the word “Goth” by the Goedish people, from whom they branched off, and who they therefore called themselves. Geographically the area of the Goedish people is not far from Gotland in Sweden. It is cognate with the English term “Geat”. The rendition of this name in modern Goedish is “Got”, but this is the term they use to describe “German”.

Another easily shown example is the term Gal, which one should try to guess without much effort. It comes from the term “Gaul”, used by the Romans, and distantly related to the word “Celt” or “Keltoi”. It is used to describe the inhabitants of the region once lived in by the Gauls and their language, which today is the French. Gal is therefore used to describe the people and language of modern-day France.

The neighbor of the Goedish, the Russians, are given the wider-spanning demonym of Lav, which is a backformation of Slav, with a deletion of the letter “s”. This term can be used to refer to any Slavic peoples or their language, most often times however referring to Russians, while the more specific Ruslav can be used to mean the same.

To denote a member of the people, their language, or anything described by them, the ending “isk” is used. Another ending, “is”, specifically denotes an individual, as it does in the case of the various disciplines in the lexicon translated from Greek.

To denote the country from which a people come, the endings “jar” and “jum” are used. “Jar” is a cognate with the English words “yard” and “garden”, and functions the same was as the last element in the word “Asgard” and “Midgard”. This happens to be its etymology as well. The first is therefore used to denote the physical land or space from which they come, which can be defined with borders and as a specific area.

“Jum”, on the other hand, can mean much more than this, and is a cognate with the English ending “dom” as in the words “freedom” and “kingdom”. This ending denotes the collective state of an entire people, transcendent of physical space, similar to the words “Englishdom”, “Slavdom”, “Germandom”, et cetera.

The following list provides the known Goedish demonyms and their translations:

Angl                 English (from the Angles)

Est                   Estonian

Dan                  Dane

Gal                   French (from the Gauls or Gaels)

God                  Goedish (from the ancient rendering of “Goth”)

Got                  German (from the modern rendering of “Goth”)

Gralan             Greenlandic

Han                  Chinese (from the Han)

Hel                   Greek (from the Hellenes)

Islan                 Icelandic

Lat                   Italian (from the Latins)

Lav                   Russian (from the Slavs)

Nor                  Norwegian (from the Nords)

Nippon             Japanese

Suom               Finnish

Sum                 Sumerian

Sven                 Swede